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Product Descriptions

The HB100 microwave module is a microwave moving object detector designed using the principle of Doppler Radar. It is mainly used in automatic door control switches, security systems, ATM automatic recording control systems, train automatic signal machines, and other places. HB100 is a standard 10.525GHz microwave Doppler radar detector, which has the following advantages compared to other detection methods: 1. Non contact detection; 2. Not affected by temperature, humidity, noise, airflow, dust, light, etc., suitable for harsh environments; 3. Strong resistance to radio frequency interference; 4. Low output power, no harm to human body; 5. Long distance: detection range exceeding 20 meters.

Introduction to Doppler Principle: Doppler theory is based on time. When radio waves collide with an object during their movement, they are reflected, and the frequency of the reflected wave changes with the movement of the object. If the position of the object touched by radio waves is fixed, then the frequency of the reflected wave and the frequency of the emitted wave should be equal. If an object moves in the direction of emission, the reflected wave will be compressed, which means the frequency of the reflected wave will increase; On the contrary, the frequency of the reflected wave will decrease accordingly.

The microwave detector designed based on the Doppler principle consists of FET dielectric DRO microwave oscillator source (10.525GHz), power divider, transmitting antenna, receiving antenna, mixer, detector and other circuits (Figure 2). The transmitting antenna directionally emits microwaves outward, which are reflected when encountering an object. The reflected wave is received by the receiving antenna and then mixed with the oscillating wave in the mixer. The low-frequency signal after mixing and detection reflects the speed of the object's movement.

Product Features

Compared with using lower frequency waves, using 10.525GHz microwave has the following advantages: 1. The microwave antenna has good directionality when transmitting, making it easy to control the range of action of the microwave probe. 2. Microwaves are easily attenuated, absorbed, and reflected during transmission, and when they encounter obstacles such as walls, they will be obstructed. Therefore, objects outside the walls and other obstructions have little interference with them.

Power supply: There are two types of power supply for HB100: continuous DC power supply (CW) mode and pulsating power supply (PW) mode. HB100 is suitable for a voltage range of 5V ± 5%. The typical current when operating in continuous DC power supply (CW) mode is 35mA (typical value). When operating in low duty cycle pulse power (PW) mode, it is recommended to provide HB100 with a 5V pulse power supply with a pulse width between 5 μ s and 30 μ s (typical value is 20 μ s) and a frequency of 2-4 kHz (typical value is 2.0 kHz). The average current during pulse power supply with a duty cycle of 3-10% is 1.2mA to 4mA.

The pulse power supply voltage must be between 4.75V and 5.25V, and the flatness of the pulse tip will affect the detection capability of HB100. When the power supply voltage exceeds 5.25V, its reliability will decrease and it may cause RF output outside the nominal frequency and circuit damage.

RF output: In all recommended operating modes, the RF power output of HB100 is very low and operates within a safe range that poses no harm to the human body. When operating in continuous DC power supply (CW) mode, the total output power is less than 15mW. The output power density is 1mW/cm2 at 5mm and 0.72 μ W/cm2 at 1m. When operating in pulse power mode with a 5% duty cycle, the power density decreases to 50 μ W/cm2 and 0.036 μ W/cm2, respectively.

IF output: When an object moves radially relative to the antenna surface of HB100 (the non aluminum shielding cover side is the antenna surface) at a speed of 1m/s within the effective detection range of HB100, the IF output of HB100 is 72Hz/s. The pulsating output frequency of IF is approximately linearly related to the relative radial movement speed of the object. The output amplitude of IF is related to the size and distance of the object. When a tester weighing 70kg and standing 170cm moves radially relative to HB100 at a speed of 1m/s at a distance of 1m from HB100, the output of IF is a pulsating signal of 5mV and 72Hz/s. The output amplitude of IF is approximately inversely proportional to the square of the distance.

Note: 1. The detection range depends on the reflectivity and size of the target, as well as the signal-to-noise ratio.

The Doppler velocity at 2.10.525GHz is 31Hz/m.p.h

3. The installation module must have its antenna surface (the non aluminum shielding cover side is the antenna surface) facing the detected area, and users can also adjust the direction themselves to achieve the coverage area

Simple fault diagnosis: The IF output of HB100 is easily broken down during welding. Use the diode range of a multimeter to measure the voltage drop of IF to GND and GND to IF, and under normal conditions (VIF-GNDVGND-IF), they are both around 0.25V.

Application

Application Example 2: Automatic Train Signal Switch Circuit

Operating distance: continuously adjustable from 1 to 9 meters. This type of circuit has stronger anti-interference ability and a wider adjustment range, and can be applied to outdoor and harsh environments.

Principle description: The above diagram is a complete application circuit, consisting of U3D (LM339) and surrounding related components to form a 2kHz low duty cycle oscillator. P1 and P2 provide pulsating power supply and gating. E9 uses a holding capacitor to amplify the low-frequency signal reflecting the movement of the object through a low-pass amplifier circuit composed of LM324 A, B and surrounding components, and then to a comparator composed of LM324 C and surrounding related components. The low-pass filtering network composed of C9-C12 and R32-R35 filters out power frequency interference signals. The delay circuit composed of U3A ensures a stable output for a considerable amount of time after detecting object movement. A stage amplifier circuit composed of U1A and related components, with a gain of A1A ≈ R30/R31=375/473=78.7; The second stage amplifier consists of U1B and related circuits, with amplification gain A1B ≈ R36/(R35+R34)=475/943=50; The gain of two-stage amplification is A=78.7 × 50=3935, which is 36db. A voltage comparator composed of U1C, R39, R40, P2, and E12 converts the amplified signal from the previous stage into a pulse signal, which is then delayed and output by a delay circuit composed of U3A and related components.

Adjusting P2 can change the size of the detection distance, and changing the size of R41, E13, R42 can adjust the length of the output time.

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